Five Categories of Schizophrenia - 1068 Words

Suppressing Me, Myself, and I R. D. Laing has stated, â€Å"Schizophrenia cannot be understood without understanding despair† (â€Å"Schizophrenia Quotes† 1). In his statement, he reveals a side of schizophrenia that is more than a mental disorder, he shows how vulnerable and painful the disorder can be for those who are diagnosed. Patients who have been diagnosed with such a challenging obstacle, may often feel a sense of despair in an attempt to conquer schizophrenia and its symptoms. Medication for the mental disorder has advanced, so that those affected can manage and control the symptoms that come along with schizophrenia to live a healthy, fulfilling life. People today are not completely educated about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a†¦show more content†¦Other effects can include: significantly low blood pressure, dizziness, irregular pulse, congestion, dry mouth, constipation, and a mild fever. The antipsychotic drugs can be taken in three forms: liqu id, tablet, and injecting the muscle. The main use of the drugs is to induce an â€Å"emotional quieting† for both the â€Å"positive† and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Bernhein and Lewin 125-129). Along with the use of antipsychotics, therapies have been known to assist and aid the treatment of schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC), psychosurgery, and vitamin therapy, helped manage the obstacles that patients faced. In electroconvulsive therapy, attachments are placed on the temples and the attachments send currents through the brain that result in a seizure that is short lasting. After the seizure has passed, the patient remains unconscious and have no recollection of the pain or feeling. As effective as it sounds, the ETC therapy normally caused fractures and broken bones during the seizure. To reduce the risk, doctors gave the patients medicine to temporarily paralyze them. In ETC therapy, the treatments would help calm the brain of any hallucinations and would help to pacify the patient. Derdivanis 4 Psychosurgery was introduced before the full understanding of the human brain through CT scans and MRI scans. In psychosurgery, the cord that is between the frontal lobes and the thalamus, are cut. By cutting thisShow MoreRelated Biological Basis Of Behavior Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Basis Of Behavior Primary Behaviors of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is defined as a devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior (Durand and Barlow 443). This disorder affects nearly 2.5 million people. The symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories, positive and negative. The positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinationsRead MoreThe Major Areas of Psychology874 Words   |  4 PagesYour personality is described in terms of five categories: Extroversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience. For example, one of the five personality categories is Extroversion which refers to outgoing character, it also measures talkativeness, sociability, time spend alone, candidness, secretiveness, thirst of adventure and lots more. The big five personality is reflected in scores pertaining to each of the five categories (Zimbardo amp; Johnson, 2009, pg. 438)Read MoreThe Major Types and Possible Causes of Schizophrenia1082 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe, debilitating disabling disease. There are more than two million Americans who suffer with schizophrenia in any given year. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, apathy, lack of emotion, disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating or following i nstructions and memory problems. There are no lab tests to diagnose schizophrenia and most times the patient is misdiagnosed with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or major depression (Daily schizophreniaRead MoreProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia1497 Words   |  6 PagesProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia Believe it or not, schizophrenia is a serious mental problem that has been around for much longer than most people tend to think. Most professionals are certain that schizophrenia is a disease process that takes place within the brain and that the disease is, in fact, influenced greatly by certain life experiences(Anderson 80). The one significant problem surrounding schizophrenia is that no one is absolutely positive as to what causes schizophrenia and of how itRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).Read MoreSchizophrenia Is More Than 100 Years Old Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe word schizophrenia is less than 100 years old. Schizophrenia is a mentality or approach characterized by inconsistent or contradictory elements. Depression, dementia, and thought disturbances that are found in schizophrenia and are described in the Book of Hearts. The disorder was noticed as symptoms of the heart and the uterus and originating from the blood vessels or from purulence, fecal m atter, a poison, demons. The disease was identified as a discrete mental illness by Dr. Emile KraepelinRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia729 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is schizophrenia? â€Å"Schizo† meaning split, and â€Å"phrenia† meaning mind. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain that has affected many individuals throughout history. Usually starting in childhood or early adulthood, it is rare for schizophrenia to start after one has reached adulthood. Before schizophrenia was discovered, those with the disorder were considered to be possessed, therefore causing them to be feared or locked up away from those that did not have the disorder. Schizophrenia is chronicRead MoreBiological, Psychological, And Sociocultural Viewpoints1130 Words   |  5 PagesBiological, psychological, and sociocultural viewpoints have been developed in an attempt to explain schizophrenia. All three viewpoints point out various factors that may contribute to the development of the disorder. Biological theorists believe that individuals may have a genetic predisposition for the schizophrenia if a close family member has been diagnosed with the disorder. Stress during adolescent years seems to provoke the disorder among individuals who have a family history of the disorderRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia828 Words   |  3 PagesSchizophrenia â€Æ' Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it difficult for someone to establish what is real and what is not real. Schizophrenia also makes it hard to think clearly or to establish your emotions. Having this disorder affects how a person acts and sees the world. Over 2.2 million people suffer from this mental illness. There are many symptoms for Schizophrenia. Although there is no cure, proper treatment can control these symptoms. A person with schizophrenia may often seeRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pages2013) 1) Neurotic 2) Psychotic †¢ Extreme mood swings Hallucinations †¢ Delusions †¢ Personality disorder †¢ Extreme stress †¢ Always worried †¢ (Tartakovsky 2013) †¢ (Pseudopsyentist 2007) †¢ Own Schizophrenia category †¢ Impacts most factors from different categories †¢ (Barnett, 2007, p. 51) †¢ (Symptoms, 2014) †¢ Positive negative symptoms †¢ Hallucinations (psychological) †¢ Delusions (psychological) †¢ Disorganized thinking (psychological) †¢ Abnormal motor behavior (psychological)

Tok Advantages and Disadvantages of Sense Perception as a...

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Sense Perception as a Way of Knowing? What is Sense Perception? Sense Perception is our primary Way of Knowing. It includes all our 5 senses- sight, smell, touch and taste. It is the reason we are what we are today as the human race, the most advanced species on this Earth. It is our basic point of entry into this world. For example, as a child we see people walk and the way they walk and without reasoning it out we learn how to walk, or sitting on a chair, we don’t ask why he or she is sitting on the chair we just know that a chair is meant to be sat on. This is why I say it is our ‘primary’ Way of Knowing, and then comes reason, emotion and language. Even though there are several advantages†¦show more content†¦Therefore, how reliable is Sense Perception on its own? Not very. In fact it can be deceiving on its own. Sense Perception is a very superficial Way of Knowing. And ipso facto it can lead us to many truths but all very superficial in nature. For example, when we see a table a dog, we know it’s a dog because we’ve taught about it or read it in books when we were a child; the truth is it’s just a dog. Now take for example a sick dog, Sense Perception alone cannot lead us to the fact that it is sick, we see certain symptoms which can tell us if it is sick or not, for example if it is lying in a certain way we reason it out as to why it is lying in that particular way, is it normal or abnormal? Therefore the truth that Sense Perception alone could tell us was just the superficial truth. Sense Perception is often intercepted by our other Ways of Knowing – Reason, Emotion and Language. We watched a video in class about eye-witnesses and how they detect the culprit among all the suspects. This was a very fascinating video about a woman who was raped by an African-American and while she was being raped she managed to get a very good look at the persons face. After surviving the horrendous crime, after a while she was called in to look at a series of pictures of suspects, she identified a picture as the culprit. Then later sheShow MoreRelatedTok Essay: Ways of Knowing826 Words   |  4 PagesTok Essay Ways Of Knowing Using one way of knowing is not enough if you want to determine if something is true or if something is believed to be true. The different ways of knowing are sense perception, reasoning, emotion and memory. Plato once stated that knowledge is â€Å"Justified true belief† which just goes to show that in order to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not belief. When we believe something is true, we do not know it for certain. We just have faith inRead MoreHow Can the Different Ways of Knowing Help Us to Distinguish Between Something That Is True and Something That Is Believed to Be True?1871 Words   |  8 PagesTOK ESSAY 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? In order to distinguish between what is true and what we simply believe to be true we will first have to define what truth and belief is and how these two terms differ from each other. This paper will then seek to determine how the four different ways of knowing – perception, language, emotions and reason – can help us distinguish between truthRead MoreEssay Limitations to Our Common Ways of Knowledge1219 Words   |  5 Pagesconventional ways of knowing: emotion, perception, reason, and language. From traditional definitions, we know tools are things used to shape, form, or finish. The above quote by Abraham Maslow can be applied to the pursuit of knowledge. In the TOK context, we can make interesting discussion about the limitations of our ways of knowledge, and the advantages and disadvantages we might face by using a select combination of them. As discussed above, over-reliance on a single way of knowing can almost

The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

First I would wish to state that Fuel cells are considered a specific device which converts the chemical power to a fuel ( natural gas, H and gasolene. The air or O may be converted besides into electricity. The fuel cell operates like a battery peculiarly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unlike a battery nevertheless, a fuel cell does non run down or necessitate recharging. But it will bring forth the electricity and heat every bit long as fuel and an oxidant are supplied. Hydrogen is one of the most important picks for all the cells of fuel. There are more of gases, like N which is provided in the air have a dilution consequence on the fuel cell ‘s public presentation. And it was noticed besides that there are other gases have an consequence on the fuel cells like CH4 and CO, and it depending on the sort of fuel cell, which the CO is a toxicant to fuel cells to run at comparatively low temperatures, such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. It is important to advert that CO can be used straight as a fuel for the high temperature fuel cells like the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Every fuel cell with its specific electrolyte will accept the different gases as fuels and experience toxic condition or dilution. Therefore, the system of gas supply should be tailored to a specific sort of fuel cell. The procedure: Fuel cells are considered the basic electrochemical cells and operate following the same indispensable mechanism as the batteries which work every twenty-four hours. However, unlike batteries, where all of the chemicals are used in cells which are contained and when the reaction is finished wholly the battery is dead, fuel cells have stable flow of fresh chemicals to the cell and so in theory have an limitless life. sprint-nextel-to-expand-hydrogen-fuel-cell-deployment.jpg Hydrogen fuel cells, that are the most used, alter the flows of H and O to supply us the H2O ( H2O ) and to hold the electricity from this procedure. On 1s manus, the anode, H is forced through the Pt pulverization where it is ionized: 2H2 == A ; gt ; 4H+ + 4e- . The negatrons so pass through the external circuit, where their flow can be harnessed as electricity, on their manner to the cathode. But on the other manus, the cathode: O is traveling to respond with the merchandises from the anode to bring forth H2O: O2 + 4H+ + 4e- == A ; gt ; 2H2O. Along with heat, this is the lone by merchandise of the H fuel cell: the reactants are usually to the full utilised. The fuel cells is traveling to bring forth the electricity through the chemical procedure. And this procedure means that they are non capable to the Carnot Limit It is needed to cognize what Carnot bound is: ( it is a theoretical bound sing the efficiency of the engine depending on the flow of heat between the 2 reservoirs ) , and that they can efficaciously pull out more energy from fuel than combustion-based methods. Traditional internal burning engines typically have efficiencies of around 30 % , whereas fuel cells can accomplish 40-70 % efficiency. The usage: We can establish the Hydrogen in assorted organic compounds, and it was noticed besides that the hydrocarbons which make up many of the traditional fuels, like the gasolene, methyl alcohol and eventually natural gas. Hydrogen can be separated from hydrocarbons by the application of heat: It is the procedure which is known as reforming. Most of H is made by utilizing this manner from the natural gas. The current of electricity can be used to divide the H2O for its constituents of ( O / H ) . This procedure is named by the electrolysis. Some of bacteriums can utilize the sunshine as their energy beginning, NASA had used the H fuel cells to establish the bird of the infinite. Hydrogen is considered high in supplying energy, and the engine burns pure H which it will non bring forth any pollutants in this procedure. NASA has used liquid H from the seventeenth to impel the infinite bird and many projectiles to revolve. Hydrogen fuel cells can supply the power and energy for the bird ‘s electrical systems, and it will bring forth the clean by-product, which the crew drinks. The Fuel cells are considered the assuring engineering to be usage in the hereafter as a beginning of electricity and heat of the edifices, and as an electrical power beginning for electric motors impeling vehicles. Fuel cells will run the best and the most pure H. But the fuels such as natural gas, gasolene and methyl alcohol can be reformed to bring forth the H which is needed for fuel cells. Some fuel cells can be fueled in direct manner with methyl alcohol, without utilizing ( reformist ) . hydrogen.jpg In the hereafter, H could be seen with the electricity as the most of import energy bearers. An energy bearer shall transport and present the energy to be used by the consumers. The renewable energy beginnings, such as the air current and moving ridges and sunshine ca n’t supply us with the energy all the clip. But they could bring forth electric energy and H which it can be stored till it ‘s needed. Hydrogen can besides be transported to locations where it is needed. THE Cost: The entire cost of Hydrogen4.00 dollar and the gasolene gallon equivalent? howafuelcellworks4.jpg It was proposed that the H shall be electrolyzed with the electricity to bring forth by the air current or sunshine. Here is the existent scoop on what it will be you to drive if this happens. Let ‘s presume for the minute which the air current and its bring forthing the electricity will be.075 / kWh. This is a sensible figure which has been born out in bing installings. Here is the list of premises: 10kW system will be about 33,000.00 dollar The Wind is available at full power 25 per centum of the twenty-four hours, produces 60kWh ‘s per twenty-four hours. 20 twelvemonth life span, it will bring forth 438,000 k.Wh ‘s over life-time of system 60 kWh every twenty-four hours ( 365 yearss in the twelvemonth ) = 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth ( 20 old ages ) will be 438,000 kWh Lifetime The H ‘s denseness reaches to 0.0899 kgs gm in each three-dimensional metre, so it needs 4.8 kWh to hold 0.0899 kilo gm of H or 53.4 kWh per gasolene gallon equivalent. The environmental consequence: The H fuel cells and its development are considered as an alternate fuel is good for the environment, but how does that work? It is easy to state that we should utilize H fuel cell engineering to salvage our environment and prohibition planetary heating. We can establish some of facts about it and encompassing those facts can be two really different things. First, allow us state that there are some of facts trade with the H fuel cells are good for the environment due to holding the cleanest combustion fuels of all time developed. Hydrogen was extracted from the H2O and so we managed to set it into the fuel cells as a gas that can power a vehicle. The lone emanation that comes out of a fuel cell powered vehicle is H2O vapour. It is like holding a humidifier for the whole universe Decision: It is known that the H fuel cells had high efficiency ( from 40: 70 % ) the possibility of using both electricity and heat from them will do an of import part to cut down the emanations which will bring forth in atmosphere. Such as the fuel cell runing at 60 per centum, the efficiency would breathe from 35 to 60 per centum less than CO2 at the dodo fuel phase and 80 per centum less from H. The beginnings of energy which will be used in the hereafter will hold to be cleaner and more efficient than current beginnings ; the fuel cells fulfill these demands. Several challenges remain before we will see wide-spread commercialisation, chiefly because of limitations with cost, dependability, size and safety, but an environmentally friendly beginning of power is decidedly on its manner. How to cite The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Kite Runner free essay sample

Bitter truths, soothing lies and carefully kept secrets are found throughout Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, as many of the characters face one or the other at some point. Through their actions, Hosseini attempts to show the reader that despite the initial comfort a lie can bring, the harsh truth is often less soul destroying. This point is evident with Baba’s secret, which forces him to deceive his sons and brings awful consequences. Hassan’s noble show of loyalty to Amir in falsely admitting to the act of thievery is done with best intentions, yet no doubt the truth would have given Amir more freedom and joy in time. It is also emphasized that revealing the truth outweighs the lies as Soraya admits her shady past to Amir, and that he too can be honest with himself and admit the truth about his cowardice. Paragraph 1: By keeping a shameful secret from society, Baba does more harm than good to his beloved. From their childhood activities in Kabul, their friendship is symbolized by the tree carving â€Å"Amir and Hassan, The Sultans of Kabul† and their kite fighting abilities. Even though Assef describes him as a ‘pet’ and tells him that, â€Å"Would he Amir do the same for you? † and in response Hassan asserts a positive response that Amir is his true friend. In fact, as Amir’s genuine friend, Hassan always took the blame for him. This is clear when Ali lectures Hassan for shining mirrors onto others which Hassan accepts their fault and does not mention Amir’s involvement. His courage is recognizable for standing up against Assef and his friends for Amir when they were bullied as he took out his slingshot and stands his ground. Eventually, Hassan pays the price by being raped by Assef and seems know that Amir was watching the incident without coming to his aid. Yet, Hassan still does not resent Amir’s cowardice and weakness with tolerance and understanding but accepts it as a hero would. Hassan’s will to do virtually anything for Amir highlight the imbalance of loyalty in their friendship. Hassan’s constant acts of kindness show us that Hassan is very loyal to Amir but Amir is very selfish. Hassan will do anything Amir asks him to do, â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. This quote is right after the kite running tournament, Amir asks Hassan to run the kite for him. It tells us that Hassan would do anything for Amir, using the word â€Å"a thousand† rather than just saying â€Å"for you†. It also shows us that later in the plot Hassan will keep his habits, as he shows no sign of stopping. It develops the theme of friendship a friend is someone who will help you do anything you ask of them. Amir is very selfish and only does things for his benefit; he never once went out of his way to help Amir when they were kids. â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan-the way he’d stood up for me all those times in the past-and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. † This quote is when Hassan is about to be raped. Amir has a choice he can step in and help Hassan and accept the consequences for his friend or let him be raped. Amir selfishly chooses to let him be raped. This shows us that Amir only wants to do what’s right for himself. In this case Amir is treating Hassan like a lamb to sacrifice. He is willing to let Hassan go through anything so that he can keep the kite. This event leads him later on to look for redemption. This quote develops the theme of redemption to show that you cannot run from your past you must face it or have it forever pull you down. Amir and Hassan are good friends but there is an imbalance of loyalty and selflessness. Hassan is clearly devoted to Amir. He will do anything for him and his first words were even Amir’s name. Amir is not loyal to Hassan. He treats him like a friend but when Hassan needs help Amir chooses himself over Hassan. Amir thinks that Hassan does not matter and that he is a lamb that he can sacrifice to get what he wants. Hassan willingly goes to get the kite for Amir. When it came to Amir to return the favor Amir could not even say one word to help his friend Hassam from losing his innocence for the rest of his adult life. Even after the rape, Hassan suspects that Amir watched but he still puts out breakfast for him in the mornings. Amir and Hassan are both friends but Hassan is very loyal and selfless and willingly helps Amir, but Amir is very selfish and does not care what happens to Hassan as longs as he gets what he wants. Towards the end of the novel when Amir goes back to Afghanistan from his life in America, which in itself is already the discussed sense of selflessness. However, it doesn’t end there, he goes back to save Sohrab, Hassan’s son. While Amir might have been doing this solely because of the guilt he still has with the rape incident with Hassan when he was a child, it still shows his heroic actions, even though he is trying to redeem himself for not saving Hassan as a child, but instead saving his son years later. These actions thus far set up Amir to be seen as a heroic figure in the novel, but as the novel progresses even further he heroic symbolism becomes more and more backed up and confirmed. When on his search for Sohrab, Amir gets almost beat to death for trying to take him. If not for Sohrab, returning the favor and saving both Amir and himself from freedom, Amir would have most likely been beat to death. Amir then soon after arises as a hero in saving Sohrab and bringing him back to his life in the United States. This makes Amir a symbolism of that of a heroic character throughout the novel. However, while the argument that Amir owed Hassan the favor of saving his son, it is still seen as a heroic deed by Amir. This shows that in life, no matter what happens, the ideals of heroism still stand under any circumstances, especially the ones in which were played in to Amir’s case. While this may not be enough to label Amir, as a hero in the novel, there can be other acts in which can help Amir’s case as a hero. As a commendable hero, one must possess a degree of intellectual ability. As a bloodline of Hazara, he was denied an education and therefore is illiterate. However, Hassan is still willing to learn and does so by listening to Amir’s stories and expanding his vocabulary. Of all of Amir’s stories, Hassan was able to pick out the ‘plot hole’ in one of Amir’s story with the King’s tears turning in pearls, commenting that the King could have smelled onions instead of killing his wife. This distinctive intelligence of his cannot be taught at schools and proves that a hero doesn’t necessarily require an education. Hassan is continuously discriminated due to his Hazara ancestry. Still, he maintained his self worth and dignity when he exhibited his capacity to forgive Amir and his mother, Sanaubar. Despite the childhood rape in Kabul and the education system, Hassan learns to write a letter to Amir, which he receives, from Rahim Khan on the return to Pakistan. In the letter it concluded with â€Å"you will find a special friend waiting for you† which shows that Amir’s treacherous acts are forgiven and reassures that they are still friends. Hassan’s mother, Sanaubar ran away with a clan of singers and dancers in which Afghans regard it was the most â€Å"dishonorable† thing that an Afghan would do and yet Hassan finds it in his heart to forgive her. This clearly demonstrates that a hero can be tolerant and forgiving towards a person no matter how guilty or dishourable one may be. Over the course of the novel, Hassan portrays amounts of heroic qualities throughout the story. However the argument of Hassan being an even truer hero can be justified as more than valid. The reader witnesses Hassans praiseworthy acts of heroism when his friendship with Amir is challenged. Amir is seen as being the true hero since he is portrayed as the main character and putting his life at risk at the end so that he could redeem himself because of all the guilt he had been facing for so many years. Having said that people tend to have feelings of sorrow for Amir and see his action of redemption as being an act of heroism. Where as in Hassan’s case, he is actually the true hero since he had such courage to stand up for his friend at such a young age. While going back and saving Sohrab didn’t undo the past that Amir had with Hassan’s childhood, it showed the love that Amir still had for Hassan through the thick of what he had to go through from an early stage of his life, which can make him a hero not only to himself, but also a hero to Sohrab and in a strange way to Hassan as well as the flaws.

Outline and evaluate definitions of abnormality. free essay sample

Outline and evaluate definitions of abnormality. Abnormality has three definitions. The first definition Is deviation from social norms. Social norms are the approved and expected ways of behaving In a particular society. In terms of social norms, abnormal behavior can be seen as behavior that deviates from or violates social norms. The key weakness of the deviation of social norms is cultural relativity. Social norms by their very definition are specific to a particular culture or society so a behavior seen as a deviation in one society may appear acceptable but may not be accepted in other society.Social norms vary as time changes and vary from culture to culture. Secondly, abnormality can be defined as the failure to function adequately. It means that person is unable to love a normal life, they have experiences outside the normal range of emotions or do not engage in the normal range of behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and evaluate definitions of abnormality. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This can be seen as the person not being able to cope with life on a day-to-day basis. Functioning can be measured on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAFF). The first strength of failure to function Is It Is practical and focuses on treating the abnormal behavior.Failure to unction means those outside the individual do not have to label a person as mentally abnormal which still carries stigma in many societies. Unlike the deviation of social norms focusing on public view, it recognizes a persons subjective experience as a means of helping to define who is abnormal. We can focusing on treating the behavior that is hindering the person from leading an adequately normal life and offer treatment to encourage more adaptive behavior. However, it is not without its problems. The first limitation is that apparently abnormal behavior may actually be helpful, functional and adaptive for the individual.For example, those with obsessive-compulsive disorders find that their obsessions (some maybe socially acceptable behavior such as hand-washing) make them feel happy. The second Limitation Is some of Its criteria depend on subjective Judgments of other people. It may be that someone Is deemed abnormal simply because the observer experiences discomfort In watching their behavior and in their own mind believes them unable to function adequately. Thirdly, abnormality can be defined as the deviation from ideal mental health. There are a number of desirable or ideal characteristics that we need in order to enjoy ideal mental health.These include the ability to cope with stress, feeling in control of our environment and awareness of reality. The lack of any of these may be a sign of mental abnormality. One strength of the ideal mental health definition is it emphasizes positive achievements rather than failure and distress. It gives individuals targets to alma for, which will increase their mental health. However, It Is practically Impossible for any Individual to achieve all of what Moscow deems Ideal characteristics (e. G. Self-actualization) at one time. As a result, most people are considered abnormal when referring to his concept.

Dogs Playing Poker

Dogs Playing Poker Introduction Visual rhetoric can be defined as how or why an art work in terms of a painting, sculpture, architecture or symbol communicates a certain meaning. Visual images bring out hidden meaning in images and paintings which requires of as an in depth analysis to identify this hidden meaning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dogs Playing Poker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A given art work is one of the series of many paintings done by Cassius Marcellus Coolidge. The artist was born on 18th Sept 1844 in Antwerp, New York. He did not receive a formal education as an artist like his fellow friends, but he had a natural ability, gift and talent for visual art. He used to draw a lot and he would earn a lot of money from his ability to draw using his natural talent (Coolidge, 2006). The following essay is an analysis of a painting called â€Å"Dogs Playing Poker† by Coolidge. Analysis The art work depicts sev en dogs playing poker in a light blue room. The writer used seven dogs as a symbol of men in the society, especially the middle class and working men. It is a painting that shows a lot of leisure as the dogs play poker. The writer is satirical in that he has used dogs to represent men in his paintings. The use of dogs in the painting is humorous in that the writer showed them doing human things and it was used to attract the attention of the viewer to the picture. Humor has also been used by the writer to criticize and ridicule men who play games in the society. The painting also shows two of the seven dogs smoking pipes. A third dog is seen with a stick of cigar in its mouth. Coolidge painted the dogs smoking in order to improve the appeal of viewers to the pictures. The writer may have painted the dogs smoking for commercial purposes. It can be used to advertise a brand of cigarettes or a brand of pipe from a well known company given that the picture is in the modern world. The id ea of using the dogs smoking can also be used to have the product remain at the back of the men’s mind for long, thus increasing sales. In addition to smoking, the dogs are seen drinking from clear glasses with three bottles of a drink in between the two dogs at the back. These can be used to show that the dogs represent people of the middle class who have money to spend on a drink or two after a working day (Andrew, 2007). A closer look at the picture shows that the dogs are having conversation as they play poker. The dog to the right is seen leaning on the wall and it is smiling which brings a lively mood in the entire room. Also of interest is the fact that the dogs are of different breeds. The dogs seating in the front are smaller in size unlike the dogs seating at the back.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The brown and grey dog seating in the front seem to be havi ng a conversation as the grey dog is looking at the brown dog. The writer may have used different breeds of dogs to show the inequality that exists in the society as all of us cannot be equal. The picture was painted at time when America was faced with a lot of segregation. Therefore, by using different breeds of dogs, the painter successfully showed the end of segregation and that all people have the same basic rights. Also it can be seen that the grey dog is showing the brown dog its cards. This reveals that there is a conspiracy to cheating and steal from the rest since it is not allowed to show one’s playing cards during the game. As the grey dog is busy showing his cards to the brown dog at the back, it is looking whether the other dogs see his actions. A closer look at the dogs shows that five out of the seven dogs have chains around their necks. This is symbolic in that it shows restraint. The small dogs at the front have wider chains than the other dogs. This shows th at one should be restrained from whatever he is doing, especially where money is involved. From the above analysis of the paining of the dogs playing poker, I put myself in Coolidge view point of the painting. As time and event passes and technology evolves, our perception of the painting changes. The painting by Coolidge affected many other painters. The research I did on my painting showed that it was used as an advertising tool for cigars by a company. It was also used to advertise a beer brand, as it shows the dogs enjoying beer from the three brown bottles (Schummer, 2008). This showed that a painting can elicit a conversation between people as they try to figure out its meaning. Those looking at the painting are forced to figure out what the artist really meant. The painting is a subject to speculation. In as much as the painting is used as an advertising tool, my analysis shows that it depicted a class of wealthy men who joined together by the high profile game of poker. The painting is used to advertise one of the most controversial goods in the society, that is, the cigar and the beer. Therefore, it shows the level of moral decay in the society, and by the look at the clock, it seems it is some time past two in the morning. This shows that, in addition to advertising beer and cigarets, it should not be seen by under age people who are deemed to be asleep at two. Elements of the Painting The artist has successfully used various elements of painting such as color, texture line, technique and size.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Dogs Playing Poker specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Use of Color The artist used primary and secondary colors to convey his painting. The artist successfully used dark strokes to color the shadows especially at the roof of the building. The lamp is shaded in dark red color while the table has dark green color. The red color brings a warm and lively atmosphere in the room. The light blue color as used on the walls, produces cool shadows. At the background, there is a framed picture that has a yellow frame that shows the artist has successfully saturated his colors between the yellow and blue (Wagner, 2004). The scheme of colors compliments each other as there is a wide usage of red in the lamp and green in the table, and blown versus light blue which adds contrast to the painting. For lightness, the artist drew the dogs with white chests, and there is lighting from the lamp. Therefore, there is a lot of light in the picture. The tones of the painting are medium in nature as far as light is concerned. The background wall is blue with a yellow frame pinned on the wall. Therefore, this presents a clear contrast of hue as opposed to light. Use of line â€Å"In painting, the term line can refer to the contour lines surrounding and defining figures and shapes, to the visible lines of the artists brushstrokes, or to the linear orientation of shap es and figures within a composition (Coolidge, 2006). There is a vertical line that the artist used to show the corner of the building. He used line to show where the door of the room is. It was used to bring the strength of the wall, and it moves us from one wall to the other. Line has also been used to come up with the edges of the lamp stern. The artist also painted the chairs using straight lines and curved lines. The curved lines show transition from one element to the other. The straight lines on the seat show gentleness and smoothness as the dogs seem very comfortable when seated on them. The curved lines also are used to improve the viewer’s attention on the whole painting. The table has a circle line. This is used to show endlessness. Use of texture The artist has used a rough texture to come up with his painting especially the walls. These show roughness and it is also seen in the floor of the room. There seems to be rough structure and there is little shinny textur e in the drawing on the wall. The green table looks to have a soft structure which makes it look good to play at. The artist has also shown the dog’s texture in terms of the fur (Wagner, 2004). The small breed of dogs seems to have a very smooth texture while the other breeds of dogs have rough structure. The door also has a rough texture while the lamp has a smooth structure. Use of Size The painting is of small size. The room is small as shown by the fact that the dogs seem squeezed in the room as opposed to the fact they should be in a large room having fun. The small size is evident by the dog leaning on the wall to create enough space to hide his playing cards from other players.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There seems to be very little space in the building which makes it look crowded. The room space is too small for seven dogs to be in the same place (Schummer, 2008). The artists use of small space in the painting is symbolic of the state of affairs in the different states. The painting is a mirror image of the society we live in and it shows the harsh conditions some of us go through in terms of housing. The picture is three dimensional in appearance as we are able to view it from all angles. This shows a lot of skill that was used by the artist. The playing cards take their rightful position at the center of the table where they are easily accessible by all the players. Use of symbolism The painting is a symbol of the modern day society. The artist has shown that there exists a class in the modern society that is deep rooted in drug and substance abuse as depicted by the dogs smoking pipes and cigars and drinking beer. It is a symbol of how major companies use their influence to ma nipulate and entice people into the habit of smoking and drinking. They make it lively by depicting the dogs as being happy as they enjoy their time. The painting is also a symbol of affluence in the society and how the rich use their money at the expense of helping the poor in the society (Rampley, 2005). Use of Portrait The artist painted the artwork in form of a portrait. He has successfully shown the dogs faces, especially the dogs at the background while he has shown the entire body of the dogs seated in the front. The artist has used the central space of the room to locate his painting which gives it a strong balance. The space occupied by the dogs at the background may show their superiority in the group which can be used to explain that they are wealthier (Andrew, 2007). The painting also portrays a social life among equals. The portrait of the dog leaning on the wall is inviting and welcoming as the dog is seen smiling. The painting is as shown below; Andrew, Karl. An Art of Emergent Visual Rhetoric. New York: ProQuest, 2007. Print. Coolidge., Cassius . Dogs Playing Poker: 24 Cards. New York: Dover Publications, Incorporated, 2006. Print. Rampley, Matthew. Exploring visual culture: definitions, concepts, contexts. London: Edinburgh University Press, 2005. Print. Schummer, Paul. Humanities. 21 September 2008. Web. Wagner, Richard. The Art Work of the Future. Chicago: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Print.

Consumer Compliance- FTC review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Consumer Compliance- FTC review - Essay Example For instance, a direct mail ad piece by a local Honda dealer in Maryland described below in some way violates the FTC Act. The direct mail advert by dealer announced something it referred to as â€Å"Extravaganza Savings Event†. According to this ad, a person could supposedly purchase a car â€Å"without any negotiations† and â€Å"as though one was a supplier† for the auto manufacturer. The mailer further stated that the advertised sale was â€Å"as a result of excess inventory†. Further, it is evident from the mailer that the ad â€Å"applied to both new and used cars† because the ad announced that a buyer would be â€Å"entitled to buy a new or used car at a price lower than the current retail selling price†. The offer was to be on for â€Å"only one day† and in bold, large, capitalized fonts, screamed that â€Å"the dealer intended to reduce from its inventory $1,000,000 of previously used cars†. Further, it also mentioned that FINANCE representatives would be available on the material day to ensure that a buyer gets â€Å"the best terms†. Finally, the mailer ad also indicated that after the date of sale, â€Å"all the cars that would not have been sold would then continue being sold at normal market prices† (Hudson, 2007). Hudson, T. B. (2007). Unfair And Deceptive Practices: Entertainment For Everyone But The Dealer. Auto Dealer Monthly, 5(9). Retrieved from

The debate of online courses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The debate of online courses - Essay Example One can also engage in web-based education whereby educational resources, communications, and accomplish all schoolwork activities via the internet. The following essay covers the main similarities and differences between online and traditional-based forms of education in order to enable learners decide which method best meets their needs. Similarities Everyone knows that obtaining a degree is not that easy and one has to struggle a lot. With the argument of joining a college, many learners wonder, which form of education, is better to pursue, whether online or on-campus. Although, both form of education are different from each other, there are a number of similarities seen in both (Bourne, 2004: 63). In both methods, there are assignments, teacher student interaction, and availability of reference materials. To begin with, the principal similarity of asynchronous online education vs. traditional education is availability of assignments. In any learning environment, assignments are v ery important. Schools would not be good learning opportunity if the learners do not incorporate what they learn in assignments. In both forms of education, there are individual and group discussion assignments. Such assignments include doing researches, answering group discussion questions, writing essays, and participating in class work, which are present in both online and traditional form of educations. For instance, presentations are not favorite top everybody, but they are given in class and online in a similar format of preparing to deliver certain information to the students. Even though assignments may be dissimilar in both education setting, both has similar intentions to help the learners acquire learning materials. Secondly, reference materials are highly valuable in any learning environment to help the learners acquire extra information especially when doing researches. The best form of reference materials are books, which are accessible in both online and tradition edu cational settings. In online learning, E-books make learning and referencing much easier and better. Students do not have to experience the burden of carrying heavy textbooks around (Bourne, 2004: 60). No matter whether one engages in online or traditional form of education, library will remain to be the main source of reference materials. This is because, in library, students have access to many textbooks and internet. Although every student requires his own reference materials relating to the course he is pursuing, internet is widely used and has become the main source of reference materials since one can access plenty of online books easily. Teacher student interaction is also another similarity found in both asynchronous and traditional form of education. With many learners, social interaction is a principal aspect of the campus experience. If one is planning to meet new friends and expand his social and professional networks, it is then essential to attend classes on campus. Ho wever, web-based education is not totally devoid of social interaction. Online learning involves video conferencing, and message boards, which ensures link between the students, classmate, and the tutors. In addition, online learning involves people form all the United States, giving student’s opportunity to interact with new people whom one would never meet on campus. Differences Flexibility E learning

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues Essay - 1

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues that are associated with homelessness - Essay Example These differences make it difficult to harmonize the statistics (Engelkirk & Duben-Engelkirk, 2008). A common definition of the term homelessness is ‘people who sleep rough (Glover-Thomas, 2002). This definition, however, has to meet certain criteria to qualify one as a rough sleeper. People who qualify for this classification have to be between the ages of 16-20 and above. Besides, they must have been previously under certain care or some custody, or were prior to being rendered a hard sleeper was a member of the HM forces, or was forced out of their former abodes due to family feuds, violence, threats of violence, etc. (Henderson, 2014). This paper will rely on estimates made by the different states to illustrate the magnitude of the problems within. Some factors determine the health factors that are faced by rough sleepers in different nations. These factors as Oliver (2013) notes are different and severe in the developing worlds compared to the developed regions. Rough sleepers in the UK experience a wide array of health problems owing to the increasing number of new entrants who stream into the streets and hostels every year due to homelessness and associated factors. This paper centers in focusing on the health issues facing the homeless persons in the UK. The 21st century has seen the increasing demands for healthcare attention for the homeless persons in the UK. As Baggott (2011) denotes, disease manifestation and occurrence have increased in the wake of global environmental change and disease proliferation through time. The homeless people are more exposed to various health dangers than the other populace. Be sides, the increasing number of homeless persons in the UK, a lot of whom are victims of circumstances such as asylum seekers, jobless immigrants, and other related persons makes policy formulations to curb homelessness in the region a terrible nightmare. The paper discusses some of these health related issues in relevance to public health

Evaluating The Congestive Heart Failure Nursing Plan Nursing Essay

Evaluating The Congestive Heart Failure Nursing Plan Nursing Essay As defined by Phipps (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007) congestive heart failure occurs when, the myocardium of the heart is unable to uphold a sufficient cardiac output to meet the bodys metabolic needs. Heart failure can result from either systolic or diastolic dysfunction (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007). Assessment tools that will be used in the assessment of Mr. Toscana include, head to toe, physical, and systems assessments. A risk assessment will also be done on Mr. Toscana to insure that he is safe in hospital (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008,). As Mr. Toscana suffers from congestive heart failure a wide range of education and psychosocial support is available to help with his condition (Heart Foundation, 2010). A nursing care plan has been made to show four nursing diagnoses and interventions to reduce the impact of the diagnosis. These nursing diagnosess can be solved through a variety of diagnostic tests to make sure that ev ery possible outcome is looked at (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008). Mr. Toscana is taking a few medications at the present time to manage his cardiac issues along with other medical conditions he suffers from, these medications are, Lasix, digoxin, aspirin, warfarin and perindopril. (Tiziani, A, 2010), (Better Health Channel, 2010) PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE Both systolic and diastolic heart failure are second to myocardial injury. Progression of heart failure is highly dependent on the level of ventricular remodelling, this occurs after myocardial injury (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007). The changes in ventricle shape and dimension will cause a decrease in its effectiveness as a pump. An increase on diastolic pressure possibly will further change the shape of the left ventricle, thus resulting in papillary muscle rearrangement and mitral insufficiency. It is more common for congestive heart failure to begin in the left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Some of the common causes for decreased left ventricular stenosis include that of, CAD, systemic hypertension, and aortic stenosis. CAD by diminishing the oxygen supply to the myofibrils decreases contractility. Hypertension causes the left ventricle to contract more with more force to eject blood into the aorta. (Monaha n, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007) Over a period of time hypertrophy of the muscle fibres happens and an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption occurs. Aortic stenosis, the left ventricle must increase its pumping force to deliver blood through the tight valve. Heart failure will be the result when the hearts need of oxygen cannot be met and blood remains at the end of systole. (Mccance, K, Huether, S.E, Brashers, V.L, Rote, N.S, 2010,) CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE As stated in Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007, Page 814, the clinical manifestations of heart failure occur secondary to elevated filing pressure and tissue hyperfusion Clinical manifestations of congestive heart failure can be broken down into the systems in which they affect the respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal systems and show effects in both cerebral and psychosocial. Clinical manifestations in respiratory are, dyspnoea, orthopnea, a persistent cough, crackles in the lungs. The cardiovascular system is affected by, the onset of angina, tachycardia, increase of systolic blood pressure and an increase in systolic blood pressure. Gastrointestinal clinical manifestations include that of, enlargement of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, nausea and vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, anorexia and bloating. Confusion and restlessness can be seen as manifestations of cerebral, and anxiety is associated with manifestations to psychosocial. Generalised manifestations include oedema; either pitting or peripheral, weight gain and fatigue. (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007), (Mccance, K, Huether, S.E, Brashers, V.L, Rote, N.S, 2010,), (Better Health Channel, 2010) NURSING ASSESSMENT OF MR. TOSCANA For Mr. Toscana a variety of nursing assessments will be done upon admission. As well as the usual monitoring of vital signs, assessments such as, head to toe, physical and systems assessments, need to be completed. A head to toe assessment will be performed to give a detail initial assessment studying the whole body to see if there is any other factors that may cause harm or pain, in a head to toe assessment circulatory problems, pressure areas, existing wounds, can all be seen as well as gaining an in depth assessment of the skin. A physical assessment will be done on Mr. Toscana will also be performed, a physical assessment includes, inspection; which is the visual inspection of a person, palpation; the examination done by touch, auscultation; a form of examination by listening to the sounds made by the body (heart, lung and bowel), percussion; the examination done by tapping, percussion is done to listen for abnormal sounds and detect issue (Berm an, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008,). A systems assessment of Mr. Toscana will be beneficial because, along with the other forms of assessment a systems will be able to give a base mark of where he is, a systems assessment covers, central nervous (CNS), cardiovascular (CVS) assesses, respiratory (RESP), gastrointestinal (GIT), renal (RENAL), skin integrity (SKIN), and psychosocial (PSYCH). Together these forms assessment will provide a detailed amount of information to create a nursing care plan for Mr. Toscana, including interventions that need to be made, and things to implement to further his recovery and aid in his discharge. (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008,). NURSING CARE PLAN Please refer to appendices one for full nursing care plan. (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008,). (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007), (Heart Foundation, 2010), (Holmesglen, 2009), (Better Health Channel, 2010) DIAGNOSTIC TESTS For Mr. Toscana there are a number of diagnostic tests that will help with the assessment, management and detection of underlying issues. Tests that can be performed on Mr. Toscana are as follows, a chest X-ray to see if there are any problems with his lungs, or vascular congestion, or congestion of the liver (this can suggest right sided failure) (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007), a full blood test including electrolytes, an ECG to check the rhythm of the heart, and determine the causes for Mr. Toscanas symptoms. The use of urine analysis to see if infection is present, function of kidneys, traces of blood in relation to fluid build up. The combination of these tests will provide a baseline for assessment, guide the nursing care, and rule out all other possible causes of the symptoms that Mr. Toscana has presented with. (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007) RISK ASSESMENT From the history of Mr. Toscana a risk assessment can be done. Assessments such as falls, and pressure care. A falls risk assessment will be done on Mr. Toscana to determine the risk he is of falling, and if further measures need to be implemented to insure that he is safe while in hospital, a suitable framework for a falls risk is the FRAT tool, (Falls Risk Assessment Tool), (Department Of Human Services Victoria, 2005) a FRAT tool will show the level of risk that Mr. Toscana is, and risk factors. A pressure area risk check can be done by using the Braden risk assessment tool (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G.L, 2008,), (South Australia Health, Date Unknown). this will help minimise the risk of Mr. Toscana developing pressure areas where possible. Things at home can also be deemed a risk, things such as; not being compliant with his medications can lead to poor health, and stress can all affect his general wellbeing and lead to further the progression of medical condition s. EDUCATION AND PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT For Mr. Toscana education is a must, education about the maintenance of his congestive heart failure, about the importance of taking medication on a regular basis. How to manage the affects of his congestive cardiac failure, and avoid the effects, support for Mr. Toscana is also imperative to aid in his recovery things such as providing strategies to minimise the health problems, referral to a social worker to help with issues that are affecting him at home. Support groups set up by the heart foundation of Victoria will help with the emotional issues related to having this condition. (Heart Foundation, 2010) The importance of education and psychosocial support will be seen through less medical admissions or problems, increased quality of life and will give Mr. Toscana the ability to be able to deal with small problems before they grow into something much bigger. (Monahan, F, Sands, J, Neighbours, M, Marek, J.F, 2007) , (Berman, A, Kozier, B, Erb, G. L, 2008,) (Better Health Channel, 2010) MEDICATIONS Mr. Toscana is taking a number of medications including, warfarin and digoxin. The action of Digoxin is, it increase the myocardial contraction force in the failing heart, decreases conductivity of the heart in particular the A-V node, increase on vagal activity this results in the slowing of the sinoatrial nodal rate, increases myocardial excitability this can result in ectopic beats this happens mostly through high doses of digoxin, oral digoxin effective in an approximate time frame of 1 hour, maximal effect is reached between four and six hours. The use of digoxin for Mr. Toscana is, to treat his congestive heart failure. Digoxin may produce a false ST-T wave change on an ECG if tested during exercise. Digoxin can cause the following adverse effects, gastrointestinal issues including, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and pain in the abdomen. Cardiovascular effects, ectopic beats, bradycardia, heart block. Tachycardia (ventricular). The adverse effect of toxicity is a decrease on appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe stomach pains, weakness and tiredness, a slow and irregular heartbeat, blurred vision, drowsiness, mental depression or confusion, fainting and headaches. Nursing points/precautions which should be followed are that the tablet should never be halved; neither IM nor SC routes are recommended due to unpredictable absorption, because prolonged or intense pain and necrosis of the muscle to the client (Intramuscular), severe irritation may occur when given via a subcutaneous injection. A rapid IV administration should be avoided as it may cause hypertension and vasoconstriction. The action of warfarin is a suppressant of vitamin-K dependant synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, this prevents the extension of a clot that is already established of the formation of a new one, warfarin has an anticoagulant effect that is produced after 36-72 hours and can persist for between 4 and 5 days after the discontinuation of therapy. Th e use of warfarin is, as a prevention and management of the following, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation, and can be used as an adjunct to therapy for coronary occlusion. For Mr. Toscana there is no relevant interaction with this drug. The adverse effects of warfarin are fatal or non fatal bleeding, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, alopecia, fever, hypersensitivity reaction, an overdose is seen by bleeding from the gums and haematuria, in rare cases skin necrosis is also seen. Some of the nursing points and precautions with warfarin are, that all intramuscular injections be avoided, and subcutaneous injection sites should be closely monitored for haematoma, make sure that the does is given the same time daily to Mr. Toscana, observation for the early signs of overdose things such bleeding especially important from the gums.( Tiziani, A, 2010) CONCLUSION Through a range of assessments, diagnostic testing, education and the development of a nursing care plan Mr. Toscanas condition should improve as well as his general wellbeing. Goals set out in the care plan will be achieved by interventions put in place insuring a quicker recovery for Mr. Toscana. Education is particularly important for Mr. Toscanas medication regime, support strategies will help with the improvement of overall health and wellbeing.

Essay --

No matter how many situps you do, if you have excess belly fat, you'll never see results, because the fat will be covering up your muscle definition. This doesn't mean you should eliminate situps from your workout, because as part of your core, they can promote back health, and improve your posture, athletic performance, and balance and stability. (See References 1) You should, however, incorporate fat-burning exercises into your workout to get visible results. The Spot Reduction Fallacy To lose body fat, you must burn more calories than your body uses every day. It takes a deficit of 500 calories a day to lose 1 pound of fat in a week from all over your body including your belly. Situps alone don't burn enough calories to have a big enough impact and they won't magically spot reduce fat from your belly. To make matters worse, if you only do situps, hoping to combat belly fat, you're building the muscles under the fat. As they get stronger and bigger, they can push your belly out even further. (See References 2) Doing Situps to Shape Up Situps work your rectus abdominis at the fr...