Five Categories of Schizophrenia - 1068 Words

Suppressing Me, Myself, and I R. D. Laing has stated, â€Å"Schizophrenia cannot be understood without understanding despair† (â€Å"Schizophrenia Quotes† 1). In his statement, he reveals a side of schizophrenia that is more than a mental disorder, he shows how vulnerable and painful the disorder can be for those who are diagnosed. Patients who have been diagnosed with such a challenging obstacle, may often feel a sense of despair in an attempt to conquer schizophrenia and its symptoms. Medication for the mental disorder has advanced, so that those affected can manage and control the symptoms that come along with schizophrenia to live a healthy, fulfilling life. People today are not completely educated about schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a†¦show more content†¦Other effects can include: significantly low blood pressure, dizziness, irregular pulse, congestion, dry mouth, constipation, and a mild fever. The antipsychotic drugs can be taken in three forms: liqu id, tablet, and injecting the muscle. The main use of the drugs is to induce an â€Å"emotional quieting† for both the â€Å"positive† and negative symptoms of schizophrenia (Bernhein and Lewin 125-129). Along with the use of antipsychotics, therapies have been known to assist and aid the treatment of schizophrenia. Electroconvulsive therapy (ETC), psychosurgery, and vitamin therapy, helped manage the obstacles that patients faced. In electroconvulsive therapy, attachments are placed on the temples and the attachments send currents through the brain that result in a seizure that is short lasting. After the seizure has passed, the patient remains unconscious and have no recollection of the pain or feeling. As effective as it sounds, the ETC therapy normally caused fractures and broken bones during the seizure. To reduce the risk, doctors gave the patients medicine to temporarily paralyze them. In ETC therapy, the treatments would help calm the brain of any hallucinations and would help to pacify the patient. Derdivanis 4 Psychosurgery was introduced before the full understanding of the human brain through CT scans and MRI scans. In psychosurgery, the cord that is between the frontal lobes and the thalamus, are cut. By cutting thisShow MoreRelated Biological Basis Of Behavior Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Basis Of Behavior Primary Behaviors of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is defined as a devastating psychotic disorder that may involve characteristic disturbances in thinking (delusions), perception (hallucinations), speech, emotions, and behavior (Durand and Barlow 443). This disorder affects nearly 2.5 million people. The symptoms of schizophrenia are usually divided into two categories, positive and negative. The positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinationsRead MoreThe Major Areas of Psychology874 Words   |  4 PagesYour personality is described in terms of five categories: Extroversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to experience. For example, one of the five personality categories is Extroversion which refers to outgoing character, it also measures talkativeness, sociability, time spend alone, candidness, secretiveness, thirst of adventure and lots more. The big five personality is reflected in scores pertaining to each of the five categories (Zimbardo amp; Johnson, 2009, pg. 438)Read MoreThe Major Types and Possible Causes of Schizophrenia1082 Words   |  4 PagesSchizophrenia is a severe, debilitating disabling disease. There are more than two million Americans who suffer with schizophrenia in any given year. Some of the symptoms of schizophrenia are hallucinations, delusions, apathy, lack of emotion, disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating or following i nstructions and memory problems. There are no lab tests to diagnose schizophrenia and most times the patient is misdiagnosed with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder or major depression (Daily schizophreniaRead MoreProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia1497 Words   |  6 PagesProblems Surrounding Schizophrenia Believe it or not, schizophrenia is a serious mental problem that has been around for much longer than most people tend to think. Most professionals are certain that schizophrenia is a disease process that takes place within the brain and that the disease is, in fact, influenced greatly by certain life experiences(Anderson 80). The one significant problem surrounding schizophrenia is that no one is absolutely positive as to what causes schizophrenia and of how itRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Schizophrenia1430 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Schizophrenia is very complex and â€Å"startling disorder characterized by a broad range of cognitive and emotional dysfunctions† (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 477). It can greatly impact a person’s life in a negative manner: affecting physical, emotional, relational, and occupational health. The National Institute of Mental Health defines schizophrenia as a â€Å"chronic and severe disorder that affects how a person, think, feels, and acts† (National Institute of Mental Health, n.d., para. 1).Read MoreSchizophrenia Is More Than 100 Years Old Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesThe word schizophrenia is less than 100 years old. Schizophrenia is a mentality or approach characterized by inconsistent or contradictory elements. Depression, dementia, and thought disturbances that are found in schizophrenia and are described in the Book of Hearts. The disorder was noticed as symptoms of the heart and the uterus and originating from the blood vessels or from purulence, fecal m atter, a poison, demons. The disease was identified as a discrete mental illness by Dr. Emile KraepelinRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia729 Words   |  3 PagesWhat is schizophrenia? â€Å"Schizo† meaning split, and â€Å"phrenia† meaning mind. Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain that has affected many individuals throughout history. Usually starting in childhood or early adulthood, it is rare for schizophrenia to start after one has reached adulthood. Before schizophrenia was discovered, those with the disorder were considered to be possessed, therefore causing them to be feared or locked up away from those that did not have the disorder. Schizophrenia is chronicRead MoreBiological, Psychological, And Sociocultural Viewpoints1130 Words   |  5 PagesBiological, psychological, and sociocultural viewpoints have been developed in an attempt to explain schizophrenia. All three viewpoints point out various factors that may contribute to the development of the disorder. Biological theorists believe that individuals may have a genetic predisposition for the schizophrenia if a close family member has been diagnosed with the disorder. Stress during adolescent years seems to provoke the disorder among individuals who have a family history of the disorderRead MoreTaking a Look at Schizophrenia828 Words   |  3 PagesSchizophrenia â€Æ' Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that makes it difficult for someone to establish what is real and what is not real. Schizophrenia also makes it hard to think clearly or to establish your emotions. Having this disorder affects how a person acts and sees the world. Over 2.2 million people suffer from this mental illness. There are many symptoms for Schizophrenia. Although there is no cure, proper treatment can control these symptoms. A person with schizophrenia may often seeRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pages2013) 1) Neurotic 2) Psychotic †¢ Extreme mood swings Hallucinations †¢ Delusions †¢ Personality disorder †¢ Extreme stress †¢ Always worried †¢ (Tartakovsky 2013) †¢ (Pseudopsyentist 2007) †¢ Own Schizophrenia category †¢ Impacts most factors from different categories †¢ (Barnett, 2007, p. 51) †¢ (Symptoms, 2014) †¢ Positive negative symptoms †¢ Hallucinations (psychological) †¢ Delusions (psychological) †¢ Disorganized thinking (psychological) †¢ Abnormal motor behavior (psychological)

Tok Advantages and Disadvantages of Sense Perception as a...

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Sense Perception as a Way of Knowing? What is Sense Perception? Sense Perception is our primary Way of Knowing. It includes all our 5 senses- sight, smell, touch and taste. It is the reason we are what we are today as the human race, the most advanced species on this Earth. It is our basic point of entry into this world. For example, as a child we see people walk and the way they walk and without reasoning it out we learn how to walk, or sitting on a chair, we don’t ask why he or she is sitting on the chair we just know that a chair is meant to be sat on. This is why I say it is our ‘primary’ Way of Knowing, and then comes reason, emotion and language. Even though there are several advantages†¦show more content†¦Therefore, how reliable is Sense Perception on its own? Not very. In fact it can be deceiving on its own. Sense Perception is a very superficial Way of Knowing. And ipso facto it can lead us to many truths but all very superficial in nature. For example, when we see a table a dog, we know it’s a dog because we’ve taught about it or read it in books when we were a child; the truth is it’s just a dog. Now take for example a sick dog, Sense Perception alone cannot lead us to the fact that it is sick, we see certain symptoms which can tell us if it is sick or not, for example if it is lying in a certain way we reason it out as to why it is lying in that particular way, is it normal or abnormal? Therefore the truth that Sense Perception alone could tell us was just the superficial truth. Sense Perception is often intercepted by our other Ways of Knowing – Reason, Emotion and Language. We watched a video in class about eye-witnesses and how they detect the culprit among all the suspects. This was a very fascinating video about a woman who was raped by an African-American and while she was being raped she managed to get a very good look at the persons face. After surviving the horrendous crime, after a while she was called in to look at a series of pictures of suspects, she identified a picture as the culprit. Then later sheShow MoreRelatedTok Essay: Ways of Knowing826 Words   |  4 PagesTok Essay Ways Of Knowing Using one way of knowing is not enough if you want to determine if something is true or if something is believed to be true. The different ways of knowing are sense perception, reasoning, emotion and memory. Plato once stated that knowledge is â€Å"Justified true belief† which just goes to show that in order to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not belief. When we believe something is true, we do not know it for certain. We just have faith inRead MoreHow Can the Different Ways of Knowing Help Us to Distinguish Between Something That Is True and Something That Is Believed to Be True?1871 Words   |  8 PagesTOK ESSAY 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? In order to distinguish between what is true and what we simply believe to be true we will first have to define what truth and belief is and how these two terms differ from each other. This paper will then seek to determine how the four different ways of knowing – perception, language, emotions and reason – can help us distinguish between truthRead MoreEssay Limitations to Our Common Ways of Knowledge1219 Words   |  5 Pagesconventional ways of knowing: emotion, perception, reason, and language. From traditional definitions, we know tools are things used to shape, form, or finish. The above quote by Abraham Maslow can be applied to the pursuit of knowledge. In the TOK context, we can make interesting discussion about the limitations of our ways of knowledge, and the advantages and disadvantages we might face by using a select combination of them. As discussed above, over-reliance on a single way of knowing can almost

The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

First I would wish to state that Fuel cells are considered a specific device which converts the chemical power to a fuel ( natural gas, H and gasolene. The air or O may be converted besides into electricity. The fuel cell operates like a battery peculiarly. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unlike a battery nevertheless, a fuel cell does non run down or necessitate recharging. But it will bring forth the electricity and heat every bit long as fuel and an oxidant are supplied. Hydrogen is one of the most important picks for all the cells of fuel. There are more of gases, like N which is provided in the air have a dilution consequence on the fuel cell ‘s public presentation. And it was noticed besides that there are other gases have an consequence on the fuel cells like CH4 and CO, and it depending on the sort of fuel cell, which the CO is a toxicant to fuel cells to run at comparatively low temperatures, such as the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. It is important to advert that CO can be used straight as a fuel for the high temperature fuel cells like the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Every fuel cell with its specific electrolyte will accept the different gases as fuels and experience toxic condition or dilution. Therefore, the system of gas supply should be tailored to a specific sort of fuel cell. The procedure: Fuel cells are considered the basic electrochemical cells and operate following the same indispensable mechanism as the batteries which work every twenty-four hours. However, unlike batteries, where all of the chemicals are used in cells which are contained and when the reaction is finished wholly the battery is dead, fuel cells have stable flow of fresh chemicals to the cell and so in theory have an limitless life. sprint-nextel-to-expand-hydrogen-fuel-cell-deployment.jpg Hydrogen fuel cells, that are the most used, alter the flows of H and O to supply us the H2O ( H2O ) and to hold the electricity from this procedure. On 1s manus, the anode, H is forced through the Pt pulverization where it is ionized: 2H2 == A ; gt ; 4H+ + 4e- . The negatrons so pass through the external circuit, where their flow can be harnessed as electricity, on their manner to the cathode. But on the other manus, the cathode: O is traveling to respond with the merchandises from the anode to bring forth H2O: O2 + 4H+ + 4e- == A ; gt ; 2H2O. Along with heat, this is the lone by merchandise of the H fuel cell: the reactants are usually to the full utilised. The fuel cells is traveling to bring forth the electricity through the chemical procedure. And this procedure means that they are non capable to the Carnot Limit It is needed to cognize what Carnot bound is: ( it is a theoretical bound sing the efficiency of the engine depending on the flow of heat between the 2 reservoirs ) , and that they can efficaciously pull out more energy from fuel than combustion-based methods. Traditional internal burning engines typically have efficiencies of around 30 % , whereas fuel cells can accomplish 40-70 % efficiency. The usage: We can establish the Hydrogen in assorted organic compounds, and it was noticed besides that the hydrocarbons which make up many of the traditional fuels, like the gasolene, methyl alcohol and eventually natural gas. Hydrogen can be separated from hydrocarbons by the application of heat: It is the procedure which is known as reforming. Most of H is made by utilizing this manner from the natural gas. The current of electricity can be used to divide the H2O for its constituents of ( O / H ) . This procedure is named by the electrolysis. Some of bacteriums can utilize the sunshine as their energy beginning, NASA had used the H fuel cells to establish the bird of the infinite. Hydrogen is considered high in supplying energy, and the engine burns pure H which it will non bring forth any pollutants in this procedure. NASA has used liquid H from the seventeenth to impel the infinite bird and many projectiles to revolve. Hydrogen fuel cells can supply the power and energy for the bird ‘s electrical systems, and it will bring forth the clean by-product, which the crew drinks. The Fuel cells are considered the assuring engineering to be usage in the hereafter as a beginning of electricity and heat of the edifices, and as an electrical power beginning for electric motors impeling vehicles. Fuel cells will run the best and the most pure H. But the fuels such as natural gas, gasolene and methyl alcohol can be reformed to bring forth the H which is needed for fuel cells. Some fuel cells can be fueled in direct manner with methyl alcohol, without utilizing ( reformist ) . hydrogen.jpg In the hereafter, H could be seen with the electricity as the most of import energy bearers. An energy bearer shall transport and present the energy to be used by the consumers. The renewable energy beginnings, such as the air current and moving ridges and sunshine ca n’t supply us with the energy all the clip. But they could bring forth electric energy and H which it can be stored till it ‘s needed. Hydrogen can besides be transported to locations where it is needed. THE Cost: The entire cost of Hydrogen4.00 dollar and the gasolene gallon equivalent? howafuelcellworks4.jpg It was proposed that the H shall be electrolyzed with the electricity to bring forth by the air current or sunshine. Here is the existent scoop on what it will be you to drive if this happens. Let ‘s presume for the minute which the air current and its bring forthing the electricity will be.075 / kWh. This is a sensible figure which has been born out in bing installings. Here is the list of premises: 10kW system will be about 33,000.00 dollar The Wind is available at full power 25 per centum of the twenty-four hours, produces 60kWh ‘s per twenty-four hours. 20 twelvemonth life span, it will bring forth 438,000 k.Wh ‘s over life-time of system 60 kWh every twenty-four hours ( 365 yearss in the twelvemonth ) = 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth 21900 kWh in the twelvemonth ( 20 old ages ) will be 438,000 kWh Lifetime The H ‘s denseness reaches to 0.0899 kgs gm in each three-dimensional metre, so it needs 4.8 kWh to hold 0.0899 kilo gm of H or 53.4 kWh per gasolene gallon equivalent. The environmental consequence: The H fuel cells and its development are considered as an alternate fuel is good for the environment, but how does that work? It is easy to state that we should utilize H fuel cell engineering to salvage our environment and prohibition planetary heating. We can establish some of facts about it and encompassing those facts can be two really different things. First, allow us state that there are some of facts trade with the H fuel cells are good for the environment due to holding the cleanest combustion fuels of all time developed. Hydrogen was extracted from the H2O and so we managed to set it into the fuel cells as a gas that can power a vehicle. The lone emanation that comes out of a fuel cell powered vehicle is H2O vapour. It is like holding a humidifier for the whole universe Decision: It is known that the H fuel cells had high efficiency ( from 40: 70 % ) the possibility of using both electricity and heat from them will do an of import part to cut down the emanations which will bring forth in atmosphere. Such as the fuel cell runing at 60 per centum, the efficiency would breathe from 35 to 60 per centum less than CO2 at the dodo fuel phase and 80 per centum less from H. The beginnings of energy which will be used in the hereafter will hold to be cleaner and more efficient than current beginnings ; the fuel cells fulfill these demands. Several challenges remain before we will see wide-spread commercialisation, chiefly because of limitations with cost, dependability, size and safety, but an environmentally friendly beginning of power is decidedly on its manner. How to cite The Uses And Effects Of Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Kite Runner free essay sample

Bitter truths, soothing lies and carefully kept secrets are found throughout Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, as many of the characters face one or the other at some point. Through their actions, Hosseini attempts to show the reader that despite the initial comfort a lie can bring, the harsh truth is often less soul destroying. This point is evident with Baba’s secret, which forces him to deceive his sons and brings awful consequences. Hassan’s noble show of loyalty to Amir in falsely admitting to the act of thievery is done with best intentions, yet no doubt the truth would have given Amir more freedom and joy in time. It is also emphasized that revealing the truth outweighs the lies as Soraya admits her shady past to Amir, and that he too can be honest with himself and admit the truth about his cowardice. Paragraph 1: By keeping a shameful secret from society, Baba does more harm than good to his beloved. From their childhood activities in Kabul, their friendship is symbolized by the tree carving â€Å"Amir and Hassan, The Sultans of Kabul† and their kite fighting abilities. Even though Assef describes him as a ‘pet’ and tells him that, â€Å"Would he Amir do the same for you? † and in response Hassan asserts a positive response that Amir is his true friend. In fact, as Amir’s genuine friend, Hassan always took the blame for him. This is clear when Ali lectures Hassan for shining mirrors onto others which Hassan accepts their fault and does not mention Amir’s involvement. His courage is recognizable for standing up against Assef and his friends for Amir when they were bullied as he took out his slingshot and stands his ground. Eventually, Hassan pays the price by being raped by Assef and seems know that Amir was watching the incident without coming to his aid. Yet, Hassan still does not resent Amir’s cowardice and weakness with tolerance and understanding but accepts it as a hero would. Hassan’s will to do virtually anything for Amir highlight the imbalance of loyalty in their friendship. Hassan’s constant acts of kindness show us that Hassan is very loyal to Amir but Amir is very selfish. Hassan will do anything Amir asks him to do, â€Å"For you a thousand times over†. This quote is right after the kite running tournament, Amir asks Hassan to run the kite for him. It tells us that Hassan would do anything for Amir, using the word â€Å"a thousand† rather than just saying â€Å"for you†. It also shows us that later in the plot Hassan will keep his habits, as he shows no sign of stopping. It develops the theme of friendship a friend is someone who will help you do anything you ask of them. Amir is very selfish and only does things for his benefit; he never once went out of his way to help Amir when they were kids. â€Å"I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan-the way he’d stood up for me all those times in the past-and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. † This quote is when Hassan is about to be raped. Amir has a choice he can step in and help Hassan and accept the consequences for his friend or let him be raped. Amir selfishly chooses to let him be raped. This shows us that Amir only wants to do what’s right for himself. In this case Amir is treating Hassan like a lamb to sacrifice. He is willing to let Hassan go through anything so that he can keep the kite. This event leads him later on to look for redemption. This quote develops the theme of redemption to show that you cannot run from your past you must face it or have it forever pull you down. Amir and Hassan are good friends but there is an imbalance of loyalty and selflessness. Hassan is clearly devoted to Amir. He will do anything for him and his first words were even Amir’s name. Amir is not loyal to Hassan. He treats him like a friend but when Hassan needs help Amir chooses himself over Hassan. Amir thinks that Hassan does not matter and that he is a lamb that he can sacrifice to get what he wants. Hassan willingly goes to get the kite for Amir. When it came to Amir to return the favor Amir could not even say one word to help his friend Hassam from losing his innocence for the rest of his adult life. Even after the rape, Hassan suspects that Amir watched but he still puts out breakfast for him in the mornings. Amir and Hassan are both friends but Hassan is very loyal and selfless and willingly helps Amir, but Amir is very selfish and does not care what happens to Hassan as longs as he gets what he wants. Towards the end of the novel when Amir goes back to Afghanistan from his life in America, which in itself is already the discussed sense of selflessness. However, it doesn’t end there, he goes back to save Sohrab, Hassan’s son. While Amir might have been doing this solely because of the guilt he still has with the rape incident with Hassan when he was a child, it still shows his heroic actions, even though he is trying to redeem himself for not saving Hassan as a child, but instead saving his son years later. These actions thus far set up Amir to be seen as a heroic figure in the novel, but as the novel progresses even further he heroic symbolism becomes more and more backed up and confirmed. When on his search for Sohrab, Amir gets almost beat to death for trying to take him. If not for Sohrab, returning the favor and saving both Amir and himself from freedom, Amir would have most likely been beat to death. Amir then soon after arises as a hero in saving Sohrab and bringing him back to his life in the United States. This makes Amir a symbolism of that of a heroic character throughout the novel. However, while the argument that Amir owed Hassan the favor of saving his son, it is still seen as a heroic deed by Amir. This shows that in life, no matter what happens, the ideals of heroism still stand under any circumstances, especially the ones in which were played in to Amir’s case. While this may not be enough to label Amir, as a hero in the novel, there can be other acts in which can help Amir’s case as a hero. As a commendable hero, one must possess a degree of intellectual ability. As a bloodline of Hazara, he was denied an education and therefore is illiterate. However, Hassan is still willing to learn and does so by listening to Amir’s stories and expanding his vocabulary. Of all of Amir’s stories, Hassan was able to pick out the ‘plot hole’ in one of Amir’s story with the King’s tears turning in pearls, commenting that the King could have smelled onions instead of killing his wife. This distinctive intelligence of his cannot be taught at schools and proves that a hero doesn’t necessarily require an education. Hassan is continuously discriminated due to his Hazara ancestry. Still, he maintained his self worth and dignity when he exhibited his capacity to forgive Amir and his mother, Sanaubar. Despite the childhood rape in Kabul and the education system, Hassan learns to write a letter to Amir, which he receives, from Rahim Khan on the return to Pakistan. In the letter it concluded with â€Å"you will find a special friend waiting for you† which shows that Amir’s treacherous acts are forgiven and reassures that they are still friends. Hassan’s mother, Sanaubar ran away with a clan of singers and dancers in which Afghans regard it was the most â€Å"dishonorable† thing that an Afghan would do and yet Hassan finds it in his heart to forgive her. This clearly demonstrates that a hero can be tolerant and forgiving towards a person no matter how guilty or dishourable one may be. Over the course of the novel, Hassan portrays amounts of heroic qualities throughout the story. However the argument of Hassan being an even truer hero can be justified as more than valid. The reader witnesses Hassans praiseworthy acts of heroism when his friendship with Amir is challenged. Amir is seen as being the true hero since he is portrayed as the main character and putting his life at risk at the end so that he could redeem himself because of all the guilt he had been facing for so many years. Having said that people tend to have feelings of sorrow for Amir and see his action of redemption as being an act of heroism. Where as in Hassan’s case, he is actually the true hero since he had such courage to stand up for his friend at such a young age. While going back and saving Sohrab didn’t undo the past that Amir had with Hassan’s childhood, it showed the love that Amir still had for Hassan through the thick of what he had to go through from an early stage of his life, which can make him a hero not only to himself, but also a hero to Sohrab and in a strange way to Hassan as well as the flaws.